A recent issue of Chemical and Engineering News presented a general overview of research and policy issues concerning the biological and potential health effects of low-level electromagnetic fields (EMFs), concluding that research has established that EMFs can cause biological effects, but there are no clear answers about whether EMFs can cause adverse health effects. In many studies, including epidemiological and laboratory studies on cell systems and animals, results obtained with relatively weak EMFs seem contradictory. Government-appointed panels reviewing the same EMF studies have come up with diametrically opposed conclusions. Until research provides clearer answers on EMFs, some experts have advocated a policy of prudent avoidance: avoiding or reducing exposures to EMFs if this can be done cheaply and easily. Others favor a "do nothing" policy until research accurately determines what, if any, health problems are caused by EMFs. This is the approach advocated by the Electromagnetic Energy Policy Alliance (EEPA) which has asserted that if prudent avoidance is used to set public policy, "the rational foundation of our modern technological world" is at risk. [BENER 10052]